1、焊接间隙

　　1. Welding gap

　　焊接间隙也称为对应间隙，即焊接部件之间的间隙。焊接间隙直接关系到焊接质量。

　　Welding gap, also known as corresponding gap, refers to the gap between welded components. The welding gap is directly related to the welding quality.

　　当焊接间隙过小时，焊缝不易穿透；当焊接间隙过大时，会增加焊接难度，填充量过大会影响焊接进度，增加焊接应力，容易产生焊接变形。

　　When the welding gap is too small, the weld seam is not easy to penetrate; When the welding gap is too large, it will increase the difficulty of welding. Excessive filling will affect the welding progress, increase welding stress, and easily cause welding deformation.

　　2、钝边尺寸

　　2. Blunt edge size

　　钝边尺寸也称为坡口尺寸。对于U形槽，它还包括弧形r的尺寸

　　Blunt edge size is also known as groove size. For the U-shaped groove, it also includes the size of the arc-shaped r

　　过大或过小的钝边会影响焊接质量，过小的钝边易引起烧穿，过大的钝边易引起未焊透。如果接头两侧的钝边同时太大或太小，则通过调节电流来控制穿透更容易处理。

　　Blunt edges that are too large or too small can affect welding quality. Blunt edges that are too small can cause burn through, while blunt edges that are too large can cause incomplete penetration. If the blunt edges on both sides of the joint are too large or too small at the same time, it is easier to control penetration by adjusting the current.

　　如果一边是大的，另一边是小的，如果选择小电流，它将不会焊接通过。如果使用高电流，它会烧穿。因此，这种情况应引起足够的重视，特别是在单面焊和双面成形的焊接工作中。

　　If one side is large and the other side is small, if low current is chosen, it will not solder through. If high current is used, it will burn through. Therefore, this situation should be given sufficient attention, especially in single-sided welding and double-sided forming welding work.

　　u形坡口是一种节省焊接材料的坡口形式，但电弧R的大小必须保证焊条或焊丝能容易地到达坡口底部进行焊接。

　　U-shaped groove is a groove form that saves welding materials, but the size of the arc R must ensure that the welding rod or wire can easily reach the bottom of the groove for welding.

　　3、坡口角度

　　3. Slope angle

　　坡口角度过大或过小都会不同程度地影响焊接质量。表面上，过大的坡口角度只会导致更多的填充金属和更长的焊接时间，从而影响经济效益。然而，焊接后，另一个令人头痛的问题将出现：焊接变形增加。这些问题应该尽可能避免。

　　Excessive or insufficient bevel angle can affect welding quality to varying degrees. On the surface, an excessively large groove angle will only lead to more filler metal and longer welding time, thereby affecting economic benefits. However, after welding, another headache inducing issue will arise: increased welding deformation. These issues should be avoided as much as possible.

　　如果出现这种问题，可以找到以下解决办法：如果板的尺寸足够大，凹槽可以重新切割到正确的尺寸；组装接头前，进行堆焊，使坡口尺寸正确；

　　If this problem occurs, the following solutions can be found: if the size of the board is large enough, the grooves can be re cut to the correct size; Before assembling the joint, perform overlay welding to ensure that the groove size is correct;

　　坡口角太小。由于坡口口角过小而产生的直接的问题是熔深不足，容易夹渣。另外熔深不足在某些情况下会影响焊缝有效厚度的大小，从而降低焊缝强度，所以必须引起重视。

　　The bevel angle is too small. The most direct problem caused by a small groove angle is insufficient penetration, which can easily lead to slag inclusion. In addition, insufficient penetration can in some cases affect the effective thickness of the weld, thereby reducing the strength of the weld, so it must be taken seriously.

　　另一个隐藏的问题是倾斜角太小，容易产生裂缝，应该避免。针对坡口口角过小的问题，有将坡口再次切割或磨削成正确的尺寸的解决方法。改变组装时适当增大坡口根部的间隙的根焊道的焊接方法。

　　Another hidden issue is that the tilt angle is too small, which can easily cause cracks and should be avoided. There is a solution to the problem of small bevel angles by re cutting or grinding the bevel to the correct size. Change the welding method of the root weld bead by appropriately increasing the gap at the root of the groove during assembly.